The Brazilian Journal of Law and Justice (BJLJ) is a peer-reviewed, annual, international legal journal. The journal is open access and primarily focuses on the legal and socio-legal academic communities, with articles published simultaneously in Portuguese/Spanish and English. As is evident from its name, an important feature of the journal's editorial profile is the articulation it seeks to promote between two fields: technical-juridical reflections (Law) and social, political, economic and philosophical dimensions that affect the implementation of rights (Justice).
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x COMPENSATION FOR AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AS AN AUTONOMOUS MEANS OF NON-PATRIMONIAL LIABILITY
Constitutionally, environmental damage is one of the possible diffuse or collective legal injuries, with a distinct connotation compared to the traditional damages provided for in the Civil Code. In addition to the already established material and moral damages provided for by law and widely accepted by case law, the possible application of aesthetic environmental damages is proposed. Thus, through bibliographical research, based primarily on legislation, case law, and legal doctrine, the article concludes that compensation for aesthetic environmental damage is possible, understood as degradation that affects the natural landscape, the visual attributes of the environment, and, consequently, history, tourism, the economy, and quality of life. However, decisions are still needed to precipitate the matter, especially regarding its autonomous recognition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Journal of Law and Justice
Food is a fundamental human right, recognized by international and national legal frameworks as essential for dignity and social justice. This article examines food security as a human right in the Southernmost region of Bahia, focusing on the “beiradeiros” communities. The main objective is to investigate how the regional development model—characterized by land concentration, eucalyptus monoculture, and social exclusion—affects the realization of the right to adequate food. The justification lies in the persistence of hunger in Brazil, despite institutional and legal advances, which highlights the need to understand both the limits and the possibilities of building more inclusive and emancipatory alternatives. The methodology is qualitative, based on interdisciplinary literature review and documentary analysis. The expected results indicate that food insecurity reflects structural inequalities and concentrated economic models, but also the emergence of alternatives grounded in social participation, recognition of local knowledge, and critical legal perspectives aimed at social emancipation.
As áreas úmidas são ecossistemas de grande importância para o Direito Ambiental nacional e internacional, sendo indispensáveis à manutenção da vida no planeta. Podendo ser classificadas em banhados, várzeas, pântanos, charcos, varjões e alagados. Abrigam diversas espécies de animais, destacando-se as aves aquáticas, sendo de extrema importância sua preservação e utilização sustentável. O estado do Paraná e, como foco deste artigo, o município de Castro, possuem diversas áreas consideradas zonas úmidas, que caracterizam os banhados e várzeas. O desenvolvimento sustentável destas áreas, envolve políticas públicas e fiscalizações eficientes, o que não acontece no município de Castro, já que não existe nenhuma política pública e sequer um mapeamento de suas zonas úmidas, o que impede a criação e implementação de soluções para utilizar essas áreas da melhor maneira possível, garantindo sua preservação.
LIMITES ÉTICOS DA EXECUÇÃO CIVIL: A PENHORA DE SEMOVENTES À LUZ DA SENCIÊNCIA ANIMAL E DA FAMÍLIA MULTIESPÉCIE
Animals have been receiving increasing legal recognition, particularly due to their sentience, which reveals their capacity to experience pain and emotions. Consequently, the provision of Article 835 of the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure regarding the attachment of livestock faces criticism and ethical limits. This study analyzes the compatibility between the regime of patrimonial execution and the ethical protection of animals. The aim is to investigate the legal nature of animals as well as the ethical boundaries of livestock attachment in cases involving affective bonds. The methodology is exploratory, with a qualitative approach and bibliographic and jurisprudential analysis. The study seeks to contribute to an ethical reinterpretation of the legal system, recognizing animals as subjects of independent protection, linked to the dignity of all forms of life.
Desastre da Ultracargo e a reparação inter partes
In April 2015, a fire lasting eight days struck Ultracargo’s fuel storage tanks (gasoline and anhydrous ethanol) in Santos, São Paulo. The death of approximately nine tons of fish caused severe ecological imbalance and disrupted the livelihoods of the local fishing community. This article examines, through documentary analysis supported by descriptive quantitative data, the effectiveness of inter partes reparation for affected fishers. To this end, 386 appellate decisions from the São Paulo State Court of Justice (TJSP), issued between April 10, 2015, and March 20, 2021, were compiled through jurisprudential research. The results revealed a minimal individual success rate — only one favorable ruling (~0.25%) — and recurrent grounds for dismissal. The discussion contrasts these judicial patterns with the principles of strict environmental liability, dynamic burden of proof, and the articulation between collective remedies (Consent Decrees) and individual compensation, highlighting the limitations of reparatory sufficiency in mass environmental damage. The article proposes adjustments to evidentiary standards and institutional design to prevent collective instruments from undermining inter partes compensation.
Business transparency is fundamental in the contemporary world, considering the impact of economic activity on the life of society. In this sense, it enables access to information and ultimately social control of business activities. The present work has the scope of analyzing the discipline of sustainability reports in Brazil and Spain, from the point of view of legal enforceability, ultimately analyzing its consequences. This is bibliographical and documentary research that adopts as a method the comparison of the treatment given to the requirement of transparency in each country. Initially, the role that society recognizes for the company today is analyzed, and then we look at the treatment given in Spain and Brazil, and at the end we analyze its impacts. It concludes that although the adoption of sustainability reports represents progress, the mandatory information system allows for greater effectiveness of corporate transparency, a requirement of the environmental crisis that the world is currently experiencing.
O presente artigo avalia os impactos do Guia Nacional de Contratações Sustentáveis (GNCS) e dos modelos da AGU na elaboração de licitações e de contratos sustentáveis na Administração Federal. A pesquisa utilizou uma revisão bibliográfica, fundamentada em fontes primárias (legislação, guias da AGU) e secundárias (artigos, dissertações). A abordagem teórica centra-se na governança e políticas públicas, concebendo as compras sustentáveis como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento nacional. Os resultados indicam que o GNCS e os modelos da AGU promovem a inserção e verificação de critérios de sustentabilidade, alinhando teoria e prática. Conclui-se que a compra pública sustentável está se consolidando na administração, com ênfase na fase de execução e fiscalização contratual.
Agribusiness, traceability and law: how technology can ensure deforestation-free supply chains
Brazilian agribusiness accounts for nearly half of national exports and places the country at the center of global debates on sustainability. The approval of Regulation (EU) 2023/1115, which requires proof of deforestation-free origin for agricultural and forestry commodities, highlights the growing connection between international trade and environmental protection. This article analyzes traceability as a legal and technological instrument capable of reconciling international regulatory demands with Brazil’s productive reality. It examines the global and domestic regulatory framework, discusses the role of monitoring and certification technologies, and assesses their practical impacts on public administration, the business sector, and society. The conclusion emphasizes that traceability should be understood as a strategic asset, not merely as a compliance requirement, but as an opportunity for regulatory innovation and for strengthening Brazil’s competitive position in international markets.
Anti-algorithmic bias policies in the Brazilian Judiciary
This study analyzes the fight against algorithmic bias in the Brazilian Judiciary, with an emphasis on Resolution No. 615/2025 of the National Council of Justice (CNJ). The research question revolves around the effectiveness of this implemented policy, which aims to combat this phenomenon. The overall objective is to examine how the regulation seeks to mitigate the risks of discrimination arising from the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the justice system. The methodology used is qualitative and exploratory, based on bibliographic and documentary research. The method adopted in the approach is deductive, starting with the analysis of general concepts about AI and algorithmic bias and then applying these foundations to the Brazilian regulatory reality. The research results indicate that the Resolution presents significant advances in establishing guidelines such as transparency, human oversight, continuous auditing, and the prohibition of automated discriminatory practices.
This essay proposes a theoretical-literary reflection on Law as a narrative practice, based on a hermeneutic reading of Fyodor Dostoevsky's work. Grounded in the “Law and Literature” approach, as developed by François Ost, Paul Ricœur, and Marcelo Cattoni, the text analyzes how Dostoevsky’s novels — especially Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov, and The Idiot — reveal ethical forms of judgment, responsibility, and listening to the other, which challenge the traditional normative model of justice. Narrative is understood as a legitimate field for the construction of justice, and judgment is conceived as an ethical and affective passage, rather than the mere automatic application of rules. In this sense, the chapter offers an original contribution to contemporary legal debate by proposing a sensitive listening to alterity and the valuing of language as a means of responsibility. From Dostoevsky’s perspective, Law is interpreted closer to an ethics of care than to punitive rationality.
Reestruturando o procedimento de registro de candidaturas com auxílio das técnicas do processo estrutural
ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the disorganized state of the current candidate registration process. To better understand this suboptimal state, data from the 2022 elections in the state of Paraná were collected regarding the reasons for rejections of congressional candidacies. It demonstrates how structural process techniques can aid in this restructuring. It outlines the intention to participate in the Superior Electoral Court's public hearings aimed at improving the resolutions governing the electoral process and to present a proposal to prevent and combat the reported state of noncompliance with the creation of a new institution called pre-registration of candidates. This will function as a sort of filter for candidate viability, ensuring that political parties responsible for selecting and registering candidates, in a spirit of cooperation, select only those who are not barred by prior certification. Keywords: Candidacy pre-registration. Electoral process. Structural process. Cooperation. Public Hearings
GARANTIAS EM CONFLITO O PARADOXO ENTRE A SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA E OS DIREITOS HUMANOS NA ADPF 635 E SUA ABORDAGEM ESTRUTURAL
The present article aims to demonstrate that fundamental guarantees sometimes come into conflict. And, as with any conflict brought to the Judiciary’s attention, it must be resolved. A clear and recent example of this tension between guarantees, with significant repercussions in Brazil, has been ADPF 635, also known as the "ADPF of the Favelas." Communities in the State of Rio de Janeiro have long complained about police lethality and arbitrariness during police operations aimed at combating organized crime in these areas. Numerous reports and data corroborate the outrage. On the other hand, punitive discourses, almost representative of an Enemy Criminal Law, propagated by high-ranking authorities, suggest that criminal organizations must be fought at all costs. Caught in the crossfire are the poor residents of the communities, who lack access to public services precisely because of the state's absence resulting from the loss of territory to organized crime. However, they are doubly penalized when the state intervenes to fight this criminality, as it often ends up committing excesses that sometimes cost innocent lives. The Judiciary is called upon to take a stance. But how can such a complex situation, involving so many actors, rights, and lives, be effectively addressed in procedural terms?
A Versatilidade da Reclamação Constitucional no Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro
This essay aims to demonstrate how versatile the constitutional complaint institute is, which appears in three areas of the brazilian legal system: constitutional law, civil procedural law and labor procedural law, acting effectively in all these segments, as well as bringing relevant legal consequences to each of them, according to their procedural and practical purposes in the daily lives of legal practitioners. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate the importance given to institutes such as the constitutional complaint, which express clear interdisciplinarity, thus demonstrating the integration of the different legal areas, as desired by the principles of modern law.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA INTELECTUAL E O DEBATE SOBRE A PRESUNÇÃO DE SUA CAPACIDADE CIVIL
This study investigated the civil liability of individuals with intellectual disabilities following the enactment of Law No. 13.146/2015, which presumes their full legal capacity, in line with the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The initial hypothesis was that, being fully capable, their liability should be assessed subjectively. The research adopted the deductive method, monographic procedure, and bibliographic research. The theoretical framework was based on the dignity-freedom approach, which values autonomy, and the dignity-vulnerability approach, which emphasizes protection. It was found that, as a rule, individuals with intellectual disabilities should be subjectively liable. However, when guardianship is established, objective liability is transferred to the guardian, as provided by the 2002 Civil Code and the Draft Bill for its revision.
A LEI MARIA DA PENHA E A HERANÇA DO COMPLEXO DE ÉDIPO: ANÁLISE PSICANALÍTICA E JURÍDICA
A Lei Maria da Penha foi criada em 2006 após uma mulher sofrer reiteradas violências pelo próprio marido no Brasil. Maria da Penha, casada com um professor universitário, sobreviveu a duas tentativas de homicídio, além de agressões e ameaças anteriores, que persistiram devido à proteção de suas filhas. A lei tornou-se um marco no combate à violência doméstica, protegendo mulheres cis e trans, promovendo a conscientização sobre relacionamentos abusivos e domésticos. Este artigo analisa a lei penal, suas consequências duradouras e seu processo de criação, utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa e bibliográfica, baseando-se no estudo de caso e suas repercussões, além de uma análise psicanalítica fundamentada nas teorias de Freud e Lacan. Dessarte, a violência doméstica, independentemente de seus fatores, é um crime e deve ser combatida, homens e mulheres devem possuir direitos iguais baseados na dignidade humana, diferenciando-se apenas por aspectos fisiológicos, mas não em humanidade ou capacidade.
The article analyzes the structure of legal norms and the ways in which they are applied. Drawing on philosophical hermeneutics and Ronald Dworkin’s interpretative theory, it proposes overcoming the positivist approach to legal phenomena, which traditionally separates law and morality, fact and norm, practice and theory. The argument is that such dichotomies are unsustainable, as the act of interpretation cannot be separated from the act of application. To interpret a norm, therefore, is to construct it in each concrete case. Thus, the legal norm is composed, inseparably, of linguistic elements that relate both to factuality and to law.
TEORIA DO ATO PRODUTOR DA FINALIDADE NA TENTATIVA PUNÍVEL
O art. 14, inc. II do Código Penal atual reconhece o crime tentado quando o agente realiza atos de execução, mas não consuma o fato por fatores alheios à sua vontade. Por outro lado, os atos preparatórios são considerados indiferentes penais, por não representarem perigo ao bem jurídico. A doutrina penal tem desenvolvido várias teorias para diferenciar atos preparatórios impuníveis de atos de execução puníveis, sem uma solução definitiva para o conceito de “início da execução”. O objetivo deste texto é analisar se a teoria do ato produtor da finalidade, proposta pelo argentino Nelson Pessoa, oferece avanços teóricos sobre o tema. Utilizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, com consulta a fontes secundárias de autores nacionais e estrangeiros. Os resultados sugerem que a teoria vincula o início da execução ao plano do agente, atribuindo novos contornos à tentativa punível. Contudo, a teoria ainda demanda mais estudos para avaliar seus limites e aprimorar as deficiências identificadas.
In) Applicability Of The Structural Process In Protecting The Fundamental Rights Of Workers
Technological evolution and globalization transform labor relations, requiring continuous protection of workers' fundamental rights. The permanent connection of workers to employers after the end of the legal working day, facilitated by technological devices, reveals a structural and cultural problem. The effectiveness of the structural process in implementing the right to disconnect and the way in which this mechanism is capable of promoting the protection of workers' fundamental rights, especially in the digital era, concern the general objective of this article. Finally, it is pointed out that the structural process, with state intervention and the participation of various social actors, is essential to guarantee the fundamental rights of workers. The method used was deductive and historical. The research technique used was indirect documentary, consisting of bibliographic, legislative and doctrinal sources. Qualitative theoretical research is taken care of.
THE FALLIBILITY OF RECOGNITION OF PERSONS AS MEANS OF EVIDENCE IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS AND THE INFLUENCE OF FALSE MEMORIES
The purpose of this study is to investigate the probative force of personal recognition in the Brazilian criminal process and the influence of false memories in investigative procedures and the way they act as a means of evidence. Person recognition is a widely used technique, but is often susceptible to errors arising from false memories. We will analyze how jurisprudence and doctrine treat this evidence, highlighting cases in which wrongful convictions occurred due to failed recognition. We will also discuss the influence of cognitive psychology on understanding memory failures and possible measures to minimize errors, proposing solutions to improve legal certainty and justice. Keywords: personal recognition; criminal proceedings; false memories; proof.
APOROPHOBIA: an analysis of the removal of family power from the perspective of vulnerable families
This article explores aporophobia (prejudice and aversion to the poor) from the perspective of the removal of parental power in vulnerable families. It analyzes how these lives can influence judicial decisions on institutional care and removal of parental power, based on a specific case of the Public Defender's Office of Rio de Janeiro, in the district of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. The study investigates whether poverty was treated as negligence and criminalized, highlighting institutional practices that reinforce the exclusion of these families. Based on Giorgio Agamben's theory of “bare life”, the article reflects on how the State's punitive biases perpetuate marginalization and the cycle of inequality. It concludes that an institutional reformulation is necessary, focused on inclusive public policies, to support vulnerable families and combat social exclusion, while poverty continues to be seen as a threat and justification for extreme interventions. Keywords: aporophobia, removal of parental power, social vulnerability, bare life, exclusion.
STRUCTURAL PROCESS VALUES IN THE JUSTICE 4.0 CENTERS OF THE FEDERAL COURT OF THE 4TH REGION
The article examines the correlation between the values of structural processes and the Justice 4.0 Centers in the Federal Court of the 4th Region, emphasizing how these initiatives converge to enhance judicial efficiency and access. It is an analysis that highlights the role of the "100% Digital Court" model in judicial modernization and the promotion of innovative practices. Structural processes are presented as tools for resolving complex disputes, while the Justice 4.0 Centers act as catalysts for technological transformation. The intersection of these elements reflects efforts to balance speed, inclusion, and legal security, reducing costs and improving predictability within the judicial system. The text concludes that this integration is essential to meet growing social demands, establishing a more agile, accessible, and responsive judiciary.
OS SISTEMAS PENAIS E OS DESAFIOS DA CELERIDADE
O presente artigo analisa os desafios relacionados à celeridade no processo penal em função do aumento da complexidade das práticas criminosas. Nestes termos, efetua uma análise da relevância de sistemas penais que conciliem eficiência e celeridade com a observância dos direitos e garantias fundamentais, através da aplicação de mecanismos diferenciados em detrimento das práticas tradicionais. Entre as soluções propostas ao problema apresentado estão os processos especiais baseados no consenso ou na evidência probatória, a solução de "acordos de sentença" além da adoção de sentenças orais, tudo sob o crivo do respeito aos direitos fundamentais e da celeridade processual dentro do sistema penal.
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As hipóteses de cabimento da atribuição dos efeitos da revelia à Fazenda Pública
O presente artigo tem por objetivo verificar se no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro a atribuição de tratamento processual especial à Fazenda Pública é absoluta. Dentre essas prerrogativas, está a não atribuição dos efeitos da revelia em seu prejuízo. Em razão dos indícios que apontam que essa prerrogativa é atribuída genericamente sempre que a Fazenda Pública figura no polo passivo da lide, é necessário averiguar se esta deve ser concedida em caráter absoluto ou se depende de outros fatores. Assim, buscou-se na doutrina e na jurisprudência verificar seu caráter absoluto e em quais casos estas prerrogativas podem ser mitigadas.
CHALLENGES AND INEQUALITIES IN REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS: THE LACK OF ACCESS TO IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) BY SUS
The article addresses the relationship between In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and reproductive rights, highlighting its complexity beyond the technical-scientific aspect. It emphasizes the importance of ensuring equitable access to treatment, autonomy in decision-making, absence of discrimination, and respect for ethical principles. It also explores the laws and legal considerations regarding IVF in Brazil, including government regulations, patients' rights, and legal debates about embryo status and parental responsibilities.The method used in the article is bibliographic, which is based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific articles, laws and jurisprudence to support the content on the relationship between IVF and reproductive rights in the Brazilian context.This approach allows for a solid and scientifically based foundation of the legal, ethical, and social issues related to the IVF procedure, offering a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the topic.
ENTIDADES DE INFRAESTRUTURA ESPECÍFICA COMO MEDIDA DE CUMPRIMENTO NOS PROCESSOS ESTRUTURAIS
O presente trabalho analisa a atuação das Entidades de Infraestrutura Específica como instrumentos de implementação de decisões e acordos no processo estrutural, demonstrando sua relevância para o cumprimento eficiente de sentenças coletivas. A pesquisa explora a forma como essas entidades gerenciam litígios complexos, ressaltando seu impacto na celeridade e eficácia das decisões judiciais e acordos. Utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa, com base em revisão de literatura, análise de casos práticos e normas pertinentes, o estudo discute a inadequação dos procedimentos comuns frente aos litígios coletivos, o papel das Entidades em diferentes contextos e a análise crítica da Fundação Renova como exemplo prático.
DEMANDAS ESTRUTURAIS E O MAGISTRADO INSERIDO NO MODELO COOPERATIVO DE PROCESSO
This article highlights the figure of the cooperative judge in the scenario of the structural process. Using the deductive method and a literature review based on doctrine, considerations were made about the structural process, to highlight the characteristics that lead the reader to understand the subject. In the area of civil procedure, a narrative on judicial cooperation in the Brazilian system was introduced. The main objective of the article was to demonstrate that, within the scope of the structural process, the magistrate is included in the participatory process model, addressing the figure of the cooperative judge and the various situations in which such a profile constitutes the key piece of the appropriate direction for the structural procedural dynamics.
POST MORTEM RECOGNITION OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL-AFFECTIVE PARENITY ANDA ITS EFFECTS ON PARENTING
The Federal Constitution of 1988, as well as the Civil Code of 2002, and still other infraconstitutional provisions, abandoning old conceptions, make room for a new family path, regardless of marriage. New models of single parent family are allowed, giving all children, arising from these relationships, the same rights, prohibiting any discrimination related to affiliation. Thus, it was established that the father has the duty to respect and promote the good of all children, regardless of any origin, whether matrimonial or extramarital, natural or civil. In this article, it will be sought to demonstrate the concepts and foundations of the recognized affiliation Post Mortem of the biological and socio-affective parent, being, therefore, act of involuntary recognition as well as its characteristics, the aspects inherent to the action of paternity investigation and the principles related to the investigation, as well as its reflexes on parenting.
Giovana Itiberê da Cunha Tromboni Kottke
Este estudo, de natureza exploratória e qualitativa, investiga as razões e impactos do não reconhecimento de feminicídios em mortes de mulheres aparentemente acidentais, mesmo com indícios de motivação de gênero. Analisam-se fatores que contribuem para o “Feminicídio Encoberto”, como dificuldades na identificação de motivações de gênero, normas culturais e barreiras institucionais. A pesquisa, baseada em revisão bibliográfica e análise de casos emblemáticos, examina fatores que contribuem para o “Feminicídio Encoberto”, como dificuldades na identificação de motivações de gênero, normas culturais e barreiras institucionais. Objetiva compreender os desafios da imputação em casos de mortes aparentemente acidentais de mulheres, analisar as consequências sociais e jurídicas da subnotificação e contribuir para a formulação de estratégias de enfrentamento. Ao final, enfatiza a urgência de conscientização e ação para enfrentar o feminicídio encoberto e suas implicações na sociedade, contribuindo para um entendimento mais profundo e estratégias de enfrentamento.
Vitimologia do sexo e gênero feminino nos crimes de estupro
Resumo: O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar os motivos que levam as vítimas de estupro do sexo e gênero feminino não denunciarem, tendo em vista que há um alto índice de subnotificação desse crime. O método científico utilizado foi o indutivo, caracterizando uma abordagem qualitativa e o tipo de pesquisa quanto ao objetivo geral é explicativa, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Assim, são trazidos os conceitos de sexo, gênero, violência de gênero e estupro, esse último sendo analisado também de forma técnica à luz do Direito Penal e Processual Penal. Além disso, é exposto os conceitos de vítima, vitimologia e vitimização, dando enfoque as três fases do último item. Por fim, são apresentados os dados coletados por meio de um formulário destinado a mulheres, do corpo docente e alunas matriculadas no ano letivo de 2021 na Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). Palavras-chave: Sexo. Violência de Gênero. Estupro. Vitimologia. Subnotificação.
STATISTICS AS AN ELEMENT OF PROOF IN STRUCTURAL PROCESSES
Structural proceedings have been gaining increasing prominence in the Brazilian legal landscape, and with them, their various peculiarities have begun to emerge. Among the many characteristics inherent in structural civil proceedings, this study has dedicated itself to unraveling the use of statistics as evidence in structural proceedings. To achieve this end, bibliographic research was used as a methodology, especially on works that reported real cases of structural lawsuits in Brazil and Latin America. As a conclusion, it is verified that statistical evidence is of paramount importance for the instruction, development, and success of decisions in structural litigation.