ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE USE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Photovoltaic solar energy is one of the main alternatives for sustainable energy production. However, despite its benefits, it is not free from environmental impacts. This study aims to analyze the environmental impacts associated with photovoltaic solar energy, organizing them and discussing their implications for local communities. The methodology adopted was a literature review, with research conducted using academic platforms such as Google Scholar, SciELO, and CAPES journals, and the selected articles were organized in table format. The results indicated that the environmental impacts caused by photovoltaic solar energy are significant. Photovoltaic power plants, for instance, directly affect local ecosystems by altering the local microclimate, soil, and water. Furthermore, it was found that the disposal of solar panels can compromise soil and water quality, given that heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are present in photovoltaic panels. Therefore, it is concluded that these impacts directly affect local biodiversity, and such issues cannot be overlooked. To mitigate them, certain practices must be adopted to improve the sustainable efficiency of this energy source, indicating the need for future studies to identify and develop these strategies.