A Revista de Engenharia e Tecnologia é um periódico acadêmico e científico, com caráter interdisciplinar e, com submissão e publicação de artigos em fluxo contínuo. O objetivo da revista é difundir a produção científica inerente às áreas de Engenharia e Tecnologia, valorizando as pesquisas e reflexões originais. ISSN: 2176-7270
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ENVOLTÓRIA DE FLUXO DE MASSA PARA MINÉRIO DE FERRO EM TREMONHAS PIRAMIDAIS INDUSTRIAIS: INFLUÊNCIA DA UMIDADE, DO TEMPO DE CONSOLIDAÇÃO E DO REVESTIMENTO DAS PAREDES
Tremonhas piramidais para minério de ferro apresentam elevado índice de obstruções, atribuídas ao desconhecimento do comportamento do produto armazenado e à ausência de critérios objetivos de projeto de fluxo. Este trabalho propõe e aplica um procedimento paramétrico que converte as propriedades de fluxo medidas em ensaio de cisalhamento direto em uma envoltória de fluxo de massa, isto é, uma curva do ângulo máximo da tremonha em função da dimensão da abertura de saída, dentro da qual o fluxo de massa é garantido sem obstrução por arco coesivo. O procedimento foi implementado em modelo numérico e aplicado a três amostras industriais de minério de ferro, com teores de umidade entre 0,99% e 15%, tempos de consolidação de 0, 24 e 72 horas e quatro materiais de revestimento de parede. As envoltórias obtidas foram confrontadas com a geometria de duas tremonhas piramidais retangulares em série de um sistema industrial de carregamento de vagões. Os resultados mostram que a elevação do teor de umidade de 0,99% para 11% aumentou em 73% a abertura mínima recomendada, que a substituição do revestimento reduziu em até 18° o ângulo máximo admissível de parede e que a amostra com maior proporção de goethita foi a única sensível ao tempo de consolidação de 72 horas. A envoltória permitiu reprovar geometrias e condições operacionais previamente consideradas adequadas e estabelecer premissas de revestimento e de modo de operação para cada componente, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta objetiva de decisão em projeto de tremonhas para produtos coesivos.
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Wind-induced vibration and fatigue in transmission line conductors: an analysis of excitation mechanisms and design criteria for spacers and dampers
Conductor failures in transmission lines associated with dynamic loads rarely result from a single overload. They come from the accumulation of low-amplitude bending cycles over years of operation. This paper reviews the wind-induced excitation mechanisms acting on conductors and bundled conductors and relates them to the normative criteria for the design of spacers and dampers. Aeolian vibration, linked to von Kármán vortex shedding and the lock-in phenomenon, and subspan oscillation, an aeroelastic instability specific to bundles, are discussed. The paper builds on a principle already established in the field, the energy balance method: conductor fatigue arises from the imbalance between the energy injected by the wind into the system and the capacity of the devices to dissipate it. The contribution lies not in this principle, but in using it as a guiding thread to systematize the roles of standards IEC 61854, CIGRÉ and IEEE Std 1368 in design and field verification, bringing the physics of the phenomena closer to practical engineering decisions. It is concluded that the positioning of spacers and dampers is not a constructive detail, but a design decision that defines the service life of the line.
INFLUÊNCIA DA GRANULOMETRIA E DA RELAÇÃO ÁGUA/CIMENTO NO DESEMPENHO DE CONCRETOS PERMEÁVEIS
A impermeabilização do solo em áreas urbanas tem intensificado problemas de drenagem, exigindo soluções que favoreçam a infiltração das águas pluviais. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de concretos permeáveis para aplicação em pavimentação. Foram produzidos corpos de prova de concreto com traço 1:4 (cimento:agregado), com duas relações água/cimento (0,30 e 0,35) e três composições granulométricas: 100% brita 0 (b0), 100% brita 1 (b1) e mistura com 50% de cada brita (bm). Realizaram-se ensaios físicos, mecânicos e hidráulicos. Os resultados indicaram maior permeabilidade e fluxo nos concretos produzidos com brita 1, enquanto os concretos com granulometria mista apresentaram maiores resistências mecânicas. O aumento da relação a/c melhorou a trabalhabilidade e as resistências, com redução da permeabilidade. Conclui-se que o concreto permeável é adequado para pavimentos de baixa solicitação de cargas, configurando-se como uma alternativa viável e sustentável para a drenagem urbana.
Property Valuation Using the Direct Market Data Comparison Method and Factor Treatment: A Case Study in Balsas-MA
Property valuation applied technical and scientific knowledge to determine the value of assets, which is crucial for real estate agencies, banks, and parties involved in real estate transactions. According to CONFEA Resolution No. 345/90, valuation involved the technical determination of the qualitative or monetary value of an asset or enterprise. In this case study, various methodologies were analyzed, and the direct comparative method of market data was identified as the most appropriate for evaluating a specific property in Balsas, Maranhão. After the inspection and data collection, homogenization and sample value cleaning techniques were applied using Chauvenet's Exclusion Criterion. The statistical analysis was based on the Theory of Small Samples and Student's t-distribution with an 80% confidence interval. The final decision on the property's value was then established based on these procedures. Therefore, it can be concluded that the direct comparative method of market data constitutes an efficient tool for real estate appraisals, contributing to greater reliability and accuracy in determining the value of properties.
INFLUÊNCIA DE UMA METASUPERFÍCIE NOS PARÂMETROS DE DESEMPENHO DE UMA ANTENA DE MICROFITA
This article proposes an adapted metasurface inserted onto a microstrip antenna. The structure consists of a periodic array of cells arranged in 4 x 4 units in a dielectric material. Being a metamaterial, the proposed metasurface modifies the electromagnetic properties of the medium, influencing the results. Thus, the metasurface is able to provide electromagnetic wave radiation while maintaining the integrity of the antenna feed without the need for adjustments. Furthermore, the microstrip antenna used was designed to operate at 2.45 GHz. Finally, a good agreement can be observed between the simulated results, where the analyzed performance parameters are modified compared to the values ​​of the standard antenna. In addition, the data confirm that the use of the metasurface can alter and improve the bandwidth (LB).
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EXPLORANDO A ORDEM FRACIONÁRIA COMO MÉTRICA DE COMPLEXIDADE EM MATERIAIS IRRADIADOS – O CASO DO PVDC
The interaction between radiation and matter involves phenomena ranging from atomic‑scale processes to macroscopic structural changes, requiring models capable of capturing memory, nonlocality, and anomalous behavior. Fractional calculus, a generalization of classical calculus, has emerged as a promising tool for describing complex systems, particularly in polymeric materials and disordered media. In this work, we investigate the application of the Grünwald–Letnikov (GL) fractional derivative to the logarithm of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the PVDC polymer, with the aim of evaluating the fractional order as a quantitative metric of radiological complexity. Using attenuation data obtained from Phy‑X, a fractional model of the form Log (LAC) = a.Dα (Log (LAC)) + b is fitted. The results show that the optimal fractional order α = 0.001 corresponds to a local behavior with no significant fractional memory. The model exhibits high accuracy, with R² = 0.999997, RMSE = 0.00528, and extremely low AIC and BIC values, reflecting strong parsimony. Although the residuals do not satisfy the assumptions of normality and independence, such behavior is characteristic of near‑perfect models applied to highly homogeneous materials. The analysis confirms that PVDC lies at the lower bound of a radiological complexity scale based on α and may therefore be treated as a reference material. Accordingly, a fractional‑based taxonomy for classifying irradiated materials is proposed, with potential applications to heavy metals, composites, and systems exhibiting hysteresis.
DETECÇÃO DE FISSURAS EM CONCRETO UTILIZANDO REDES NEURAIS CONVOLUCIONAIS: UMA AVALIAÇÃO COMPARATIVA COM APRENDIZADO POR TRANSFERÊNCIA
: A detecção de patologias, como fissuras, é essencial em sistemas de avaliação em estruturas de concreto, como pontes, túneis e edifícios. Métodos tradicionais baseiam-se na avaliação por especialistas, sendo frequentemente demorados e potencialmente perigosos, dependendo da localização das construções. Ao invés do deslocamento e inspeção visual dos especialistas, imagens coletadas por veículos aéreos não tripulados podem ser utilizadas para o levantamento das condições das construções, e posteriormente, por sistemas automatizados para identificação de patologias. As imagens coletadas apresentam diferenças na iluminação, na textura e estão sujeitas a ruído. Tais características trazem desafios aos algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, que visam construir modelos para a identificação automática de patologias. Para esse fim, redes neurais convolucionais tem sido consideradas visando a construção de modelos de classificação. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o uso de aprendizado de máquina para detecção e classificação de fissuras em construções de concreto, por meio da utilização de imagens de concreto e de redes neurais convolucionais. Para esse fim, um conjunto de 3.822 imagens (1.050 com fissuras; 2.772 sem), foram redimensionadas e normalizadas. Os modelos VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, MobileNetV2, ResNet152V2 e DenseNet201, foram avaliados, ajustando as camadas finais, aplicando pesos de classe e parada de treinamento antecipada. A avaliação empregou validação cruzada e as medidas acurácia, precisão, sensibilidade, F1-score, e também matrizes de confusão, para comparação do desempenho dos modelos. Como principal achado, a MobileNet apresentou maior sensibilidade e F1, minimizando falsos negativos e configurando a melhor escolha para triagem conservadora. Observou-se que o modelo MobileNetV2 obteve a maior precisão (0,980), enquanto a MobileNet apresentou os maiores valores de sensibilidade e F1-score (0,976 e 0,974), reduzindo falsos negativos. DenseNet e VGG16 mantiveram desempenho elevado e estável, enquanto ResNet152V2 e VGG19 apresentaram resultados inferiores. Os resultados indicam que a detecção automatizada de fissuras apresenta potencial para tornar as inspeções em estruturas de concreto mais ágeis, seguras e padronizadas.
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VIRTUAL SENSOR FOR MONITORING THE FERMENTATION OF HONEY WITH JABUTICABA PEEL EXTRACT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
O hidromel é uma bebida fermentada à base de água e mel, cuja produção envolve a ação de leveduras como Saccharomyces cerevisiae na conversão de açúcares em etanol e compostos responsáveis pelo aroma da bebida. O controle da fermentação é essencial para garantir a qualidade do produto, exigindo o monitoramento de variáveis como concentrações celulares, de substrato e etanol. No entanto, medições contínuas dessas variáveis são desafiadoras devido ao elevado custo e à complexidade dos sensores físicos. Este estudo propõe um sensor virtual baseado em Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) capaz de prever essas variáveis simultaneamente e em tempo real, como gêmeo digital de sensores físicos. O diferencial da pesquisa é o uso de extrato de casca de jabuticaba, que confere aroma, sabor e coloração únicos ao hidromel. O modelo preditivo foi desenvolvido com variáveis de entrada acessíveis e correlacionadas ao processo: temperatura, pH, sólidos solúveis e densidade óptica. A RNA foi otimizada com o algoritmo de Levenberg-Marquardt com Regularização Bayesiana, reduzindo sobreajuste e melhorando a generalização. A arquitetura final contou com duas camadas ocultas (40 e 25 neurônios) e funções de ativação não-lineares. O modelo apresentou erro médio absoluto de 9,34% e correlação de Pearson média de ρ = 0,92 na validação externa, demonstrando alto desempenho. A confiabilidade foi confirmada por testes estatísticos rigorosos. Os resultados indicam que o uso de RNAs pode tornar o controle de bioprocessos mais acessível e eficiente, promovendo avanços na biotecnologia de bebidas fermentadas e ampliando as aplicações da inteligência artificial no setor.
COMISSIONAMENTO DE SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOS NO CONTEXTO RESIDENCIAL: ANÁLISE SEGUNDO NORMAS E PRÁTICAS
Commissioning is essential for identifying faults before the operation of photovoltaic systems. NBR 16274:2014 establishes minimum requirements involving documentation, testing, and performance evaluation. This work applies Category 1 tests to a small residential photovoltaic system installed in Mossoró/RN, highlighting the importance of this step even in microgeneration systems, where commissioning is frequently neglected. Visual inspection and testing revealed nonconformities such as high resistance, partial shading, and lack of identification, factors that compromise the safety and performance of the plant.
TECNOLOGIAS NO CAMPO E CAPACITAÇÃO DE PRODUTORES: UM MODELO DE COMPUTAÇÃO APLICADA PARA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL NO MEIO RURAL
Digital transformation in rural areas has become one of the main drivers for strengthening the sustainable development of family farming and small and medium-sized producers. The effective incorporation of digital technologies in the countryside faces challenges related to technical training, digital inclusion, and the adaptation of technological tools to local realities. In this context, the project “Technologies in the Field and Training of Small and Medium-Sized Rural Producers,” funded by resources from Fundo Paraná, was structured with the objective of promoting the adoption of applied computing practices in agriculture through continuing education, specialized technical support, and systematic follow-up with producers. The methodology adopted combined territorial diagnosis, in-person training, technical monitoring, and the use of digital tools focused on the management and analysis of production data. The project was aligned with the priority area “Agriculture and Agribusiness” and articulated actions aimed at human capital development, technological innovation, and integration between the university and the productive sector, strengthening the role of university extension as an instrument of territorial transformation. The results achieved demonstrate advances in the organization of production management, improved use of inputs, enhanced understanding of digital tools, and strengthened decision-making capacity among participating producers. A positive impact was also observed in digital inclusion and in the dissemination of sustainable practices in agricultural management. It is concluded that applied computing, when associated with structured training processes and technical support, constitutes a strategic instrument for productive modernization, environmental sustainability, and regional socioeconomic development in rural areas.
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ÍNDICE DE SEGURANÇA SEMI-QUANTITATIVO APLICADO À BARRAGEM DO CHASQUEIRO – ARROIO GRANDE/RS/BRASIL
The safety of earth dams is a central issue in geotechnical engineering due to the aging of structures, the increase in potential consequences associated with failures, and the need for objective methods to support dam management. In this context, this study applies a Dam Safety Index (DSI) to the Chasqueiro Dam, located in the municipality of Arroio Grande, southern Brazil, aiming to evaluate, in a semi-quantitative manner, its current safety conditions and to critically discuss the applicability of the method. The analysis was based on field inspections, available technical records, and information derived from recent studies. The obtained value (DSI = 55.91) classifies the dam as “Deficient” according to the index criteria. However, this result is strongly influenced by parameters associated with design characteristics and territorial context, especially Spillway Type and Dam Importance, rather than by the identification of active critical structural failures. Sensitivity simulations indicated that even under idealized global management conditions, the DSI remains below the “Adequate Safety” threshold, highlighting the conservative nature of the method. It is concluded that the DSI is a useful screening and decision-support tool, and its results should be interpreted in an integrated manner with technical inspections and monitoring programs, avoiding isolated interpretations of the dam’s actual safety condition.
DIMENSÕES MÍNIMAS DE PILARES DE CONCRETO ARMADO EM EDIFICAÇÕES DE BAIXO PADRÃO: ANÁLISE SEGUNDO A NBR 6118:2023
The objective of this paper was to analyze whether the reduction in the minimum dimension of columns, from 14 cm to 12 cm, meets the Ultimate and Service Limit States as prescribed for low-standard buildings. Based on an architectural project for a popular residential building, four types of situations were analyzed: (i) columns with a cross section of 12 x 30 cm with a reinforced concrete slab, (ii) columns with a cross section of 14 x 26 cm with a slab in reinforced concrete, (iii) columns with a cross section of 12 x 30 cm without a slab and (iv) columns with a cross section of 14 x 26 cm without a slab. The results for each situation were obtained from structural modeling in AltoQI Eberick software. It can be concluded that it is possible to use columns with a dimension of 12 cm, without significant changes in steel consumption, as long as the minimum area of 360 cm² is met.
LEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM USING PI CONTROLLER AND NODE-RED PLATFORM
This paper presents the development and implementation of an automatic water level control system for a reservoir using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller embedded in an Arduino microcontroller. The system comprises an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for level measurement, a hydraulic pump driven by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), and an L298N H-bridge for the power interface. The control algorithm was implemented in discrete time with a sampling period of 200 ms, incorporating an average of multiple readings for sensor noise reduction, a dead zone to mitigate oscillations near the setpoint, and integral term limiting to prevent saturation (anti-windup). The system allows the selection of different reference values (10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm), as well as activation, deactivation, and reset commands via serial communication. For real-time supervision and data analysis, integration with the Node-RED platform was utilized, enabling the visualization of process variables such as measured level, error, integral term, and the applied PWM signal. Experimental results demonstrate that the PI controller provided stability, low oscillation, and elimination of steady-state error, highlighting the viability of the solution for educational applications and low-cost automation systems.
MONITORAMENTO DAS PERDAS NA COLHEITA MECANIZADA DA SOJA (Glycine max L.)
The objective of this study was to evaluate losses in mechanized soybean harvesting. It was carried out in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two harvesters called A and B and two population densities. The biometric collection of the crop included plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, cutting height, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod. Losses were evaluated pre-harvest and post-harvest. All seeds and pods that fell on the soil were collected inside a square frame, built with wooden stakes and nylon thread, measuring 0.5 m x 0.5 m. To determine pre-harvest losses, the frame was placed in front of the harvester and, after harvest, at a random point on the machine's trail to collect loose grains and pods. The results show that the biometric data were standardized in both fields. The samples collected in the harvester tanks for analysis indicated that both harvested with high moisture content. It was concluded that, despite being older, harvester A was more efficient in controlling grain losses, approaching the national average compared to harvester B.
ANÁLISE PARAMÉTRICA DA INFLUÊNCIA DOS PARÂMETROS DA LAJE DE CONCRETO NA RIGIDEZ À FLEXÃO DE VIGAS COMPOSTAS DE GLUBAM-CONCRETO
Dentre os esforços recentes realizados por pesquisadores em busca por materiais estruturais sustentáveis, destaca-se a criação e desenvolvimento de um compósito laminado de bambu (glubam) com propriedades físico-mecânicas adequadas para aplicações estruturais. Alguns estudos e aplicações reais foram realizados em vigas integrais de glubam, demonstrando o potencial desse material como elemento estrutural. Apesar da resistência mecânica adequada e ser um material sustentável, a rigidez à flexão é um ponto de melhoria, levando a investigações de vigas mistas de glubam e concreto. Enquanto alguns estudos abordaram o comportamento dessas vigas, a influência dos parâmetros do concreto na rigidez à flexão (EIeff) não foi completamente explorada. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise numérica paramétrica para compreender como o concreto afeta a EIeff das vigas de glubam-concreto. Para isso, foram variadas a espessura da laje de concreto, o comprimento da viga e a classe de resistência do concreto. Os resultados encontrados permitiram observar que a espessura da laje de concreto possui maior impacto do que os demais parâmetros avaliados. Foi identificado que o aumento da resistência do concreto para melhoria da EIeff é indicado para classes de concreto próximas a C20
ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE TESTES FUNCIONAIS EM UM SISTEMA DE RESERVA DE SALAS
Este estudo consiste na realização de testes de software no Sistema de Reserva de Salas (SRS), para a identificação de defeitos vinculados ao software. Considerando que o sistema planeja melhorar o processo de agendamento de espaços, realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho quali-quantitativo na realização de testes de sistema. Obteve-se como resultados a identificação de falhas e erros, destacando inconsistências no quesito de usabilidade e responsividade para dispositivos móveis. A partir das ferramentas Selenium e JUnit, foi possível identificar erros significativos na conexão com o banco de dados; com o JMeter e o Lighthouse, constatou-se lentidão nas respostas com alto volume de carga, além de visualizar os diagnósticos de identificação de erros.
ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA DO ERRO DE MODELO DE LAJES DE CONCRETO ARMADO SUBMETIDAS À PUNÇÃO
This paper statistically analysis the model error associated with the theoretical models presented in the standards ABNT NBR 6118 (2023), ACI318 (2022), EUROCODE2 (2023), and FIB MC2020 (2024). Model error is defined as the ratio between experimental results and predictions by the normative criteria. The analysis considers the ultimate limit state for punching of reinforced concrete flat slabs without shear reinforcement, based on 218 experimental results from the literature. Partial safety coefficients were disregarded, allowing the estimation of mean ultimate punching resistance. The normative model results were compared to experimental data, and statistical error metrics including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R²), and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) were calculated to assess accuracy and variability. Among the standards, FIB MC2020 showed the closest agreement with experimental results, exhibiting the lowest MAE, RMSE, and NRMSE, and a high R², with a mean model error of 0.997. In contrast, ACI318, NBR 6118, and EUROCODE2 underestimated punching loads on average by 30.31%, 15.54%, and 7.32%, respectively, with higher MAE, RMSE, and NRMSE values. These findings indicate that FIB MC2020 provides the most accurate estimation of punching resistance, while ACI318 tends to significantly underestimate slab strength. The study highlights the importance of selecting normative criteria that reflect experimental behaviour for safe and reliable structural design.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE USE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Photovoltaic solar energy is one of the main alternatives for sustainable energy production. However, despite its benefits, it is not free from environmental impacts. This study aims to analyze the environmental impacts associated with photovoltaic solar energy, organizing them and discussing their implications for local communities. The methodology adopted was a literature review, with research conducted using academic platforms such as Google Scholar, SciELO, and CAPES journals, and the selected articles were organized in table format. The results indicated that the environmental impacts caused by photovoltaic solar energy are significant. Photovoltaic power plants, for instance, directly affect local ecosystems by altering the local microclimate, soil, and water. Furthermore, it was found that the disposal of solar panels can compromise soil and water quality, given that heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are present in photovoltaic panels. Therefore, it is concluded that these impacts directly affect local biodiversity, and such issues cannot be overlooked. To mitigate them, certain practices must be adopted to improve the sustainable efficiency of this energy source, indicating the need for future studies to identify and develop these strategies.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE PRESSÕES E NÍVEIS DE ÁGUA EM UMA BACIA DE DISSIPAÇÃO POR RESSALTO HIDRÁULICO OBTIDAS EM UM MODELO FÍSICO E UM MODELO MATEMÁTICO TRIDIMENSIONAL
With the advent of computer processing capabilities, numerical modeling of hydraulic phenomena has increasingly been used to solve engineering problems. The general objective of this article is to study the water levels and pressures along a dissipation basin by hydraulic jump using the computational modeling tools present in FLOW 3D® software in a case study of a spillway, where tests were conducted on a reduced hydraulic model (physical model) to determine these quantities. The studies were based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of the results obtained from the computational model compared to the results obtained from the reduced physical model. The aim was to evaluate the hydraulic conditions in the dissipation basin obtained from the computational model through mathematical simulations using two distinct turbulence models, κ-ε RNG and κ-ω. The analyses allowed us to conclude that the simulation conducted with the κ-ε RNG turbulence model better replicated the pressure and water level results observed in the physical model compared to the simulation conducted with the κ-ω turbulence model.
ANÁLISE ANALÍTICA DO REVIT E AUTOCAD NA ELABORAÇÃO DE PROJETO ELÉTRICO
The verification of the quality of deliverables in the process of developing residential projects using workflow in Revit and AutoCAD corroborates the National Strategy for Disseminating Building Information Modeling in Brazil established through decree 11.888 de 2024. From this perspective, the present work aimed to analyze the advantages and limitations of each elaboration methodology. The methodological procedures adopted were the identical sizing of electrical components and the standardization of technical specifications, thus, the only variable corresponded to the form of graphical representation adopted by each software. The results obtained demonstrated that Revit offers superior performance, not only for electrical projects, but also for other disciplines, allowing integration between them. Meanwhile, AutoCAD, although more limited, is still useful in contexts that require graphic freedom or a lower degree of project complexity. As highly complex projects require compatibility to occur during the design phase to avoid rework costs and this procedure in the AutoCAD workflow does not occur automatically, There is a need to print plans for the different disciplines and carry out visual verification, which leads to compatibility on site when the work is being carried out
GENERATION AND PROCESSING OF BIOINFORMATICS DATABASE
Positioned at the intersection of Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Public Health, this study addresses the challenge of genomic data preprocessing. With the growing volume of genomic and gene expression data, data filtering methods have emerged as a fundamental technique for organizing records, extracting materials, and developing new research hypotheses. In this research context, the aim of this work is to generate a gene expression dataset using database processing and management techniques for the study of Alzheimer’s disease and for breast cancer subtype classification. This goal was achieved through the use of Python and its associated libraries, along with reputable public repositories. Data preparation involved extraction, merging, column organization, and normalization. One of the main achievements was the creation of a specific function to automate the data preparation pipeline. The practical outcome is a set of cohesive and high-quality databases that serve as a valuable resource for the scientific community. The validation of each step demonstrated the effectiveness of the approach and underscores the critical importance of preprocessing for obtaining reliable results in Bioinformatics.
IMPACT OF NOISE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS: A CASE STUDY WITH THE IRIS DATASET
This paper evaluates the robustness of four classical classification algorithms — K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) — when faced with noise in the Iris dataset, which has been widely used in previous research. Five levels of noise (0% to 40%) were applied to the numerical attributes of the dataset, simulating real variations in input data. The models were implemented in Python using the scikit-learn, numpy, pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, and statsmodels libraries. The evaluation was performed through cross-validation, using the metrics of accuracy, F1-score, and recall. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests to verify significant differences between the performances of the algorithms. The results indicate that all models presented high performance with clean data, with emphasis on KNN and SVM. As the noise increased, Decision Tree showed greater sensitivity, while Random Forest and SVM demonstrated greater stability. However, statistical tests did not identify significant differences between the models at any noise level (p > 0.62), suggesting that the observed practical variations are not statistically relevant. The paper reinforces the usefulness of the Iris dataset as a benchmark and highlights the importance of statistical analysis in assessing the robustness of classification algorithms in scenarios with noisy data.
OTIMIZAÇÃO DE AJUSTES DE RELÉS DE SOBRECORRENTE EM LINHAS DE SUBTRANSMISSÃO EM ANEL
The use of a tuning optimization study is extremely important in the process of parameterizing overcurrent relays, serving as a supporting tool for the decision-making of the protection engineer responsible for preparing the protection coordination study, making the study accurate and fast. This article presents the application of an algorithm for the optimization of the coordination of directional overcurrent relays installed on transmission lines in meshed systems. For this, a computational tool was developed on the Scilab platform using the PSO algorithm - Particle Swarm Optimization. The developed tool also seeks to simplify the input of data required for the optimization algorithm, such as ampacity and positive sequence impedance of cables. The main functionalities of the proposed application in this work are: (i) Automatic calculation of short-circuit conditions (on buses and close-in on lines), (ii) determination of the restrictions to be met, (iii) optimization of IEC C1 NI curves. The proposed optimization technique brought promising results, whose fault elimination times were satisfactory and met all the restrictions imposed by the analyzed system for all the evaluated faults cases.
AUMENTANDO A SEGURANÇA DO GERENCIAMENTO DE USUÁRIOS DO MOODLE USANDO BANCOS DE DADOS DE TERCEIROS
Este artigo apresenta uma solução automatizada para o gerenciamento de usuários e disciplinas no ambiente Moodle da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), visando aumentar a segurança e a eficiência no processamento de dados acadêmicos. A proposta envolve o desenvolvimento do PRP01 (Palton’s Robot in Python), um robô programado em Python que integra o Moodle com os sistemas institucionais SIGAA e SIGER por meio de web scraping e autenticação segura. O objetivo é automatizar a criação e atualização de disciplinas e usuários, reduzindo falhas humanas, retrabalho e vulnerabilidades, como inserção de scripts maliciosos. O PRP01 valida solicitações com base em dados oficiais e rejeita pedidos inconsistentes, garantindo a integridade das informações. Após um ano de uso, os resultados indicam ganhos expressivos em tempo de processamento, com redução de dias para minutos em tarefas que antes eram realizadas manualmente. A automação também contribuiu para maior padronização, rastreabilidade e satisfação dos docentes. Uma pesquisa aplicada revelou que 95% dos professores estão satisfeitos com o novo processo. Além disso, o sistema gera relatórios automáticos, facilitando a auditoria e o acompanhamento por analistas. Conclui-se que a integração automatizada com uso de robôs e autenticação segura é uma solução eficaz e alinhada às diretrizes de governança digital no ensino superior, promovendo confiabilidade, escalabilidade e segurança na gestão de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem.
ESTUDO DE DEFLOCULANTES NA REOLOGIA DE SUSPENSÕES DE GRÊS PORCELANATO
Porcelain tile is a type of ceramic tile that stands out for its decorated surface aesthetics, mechanical properties, low water absorption, and resistance to chemical attack. In its production, raw materials such as clay and feldspar are used. Feldspar is responsible for the formation of the glass and liquid phases during firing, it also develops characteristics such as low porosity and high strength in the ceramic piece. For the production of porcelain, a ceramic suspension is produced, which contains the necessary materials so that during processing, the desired properties are obtained. Porcelain tile suspensions are made up of clay minerals, deflocculants, plasticizers and other elements that guarantee their quality. In the production of porcelain stoneware, deflocculants are generally used, so that the dispersion of clay particles occurs. The stabilization between the clay and the deflocculant is determined by the forces of attraction and repulsion of the clay particles, which depends on the physicochemical characteristics between them. Therefore, this work seeks to verify, by analyzing the rheology of suspensions, the behavior of the dispersion, and the variation of properties in a porcelain tile suspension, from the addition of different types of deflocculants.
TECNOLOGIAS EMERGENTES NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE MUROS DE CONTENÇÃO: SUSTENTABILIDADE E INOVAÇÃO
Tecnologias emergentes na construção de muros de contenção vêm transformando a engenharia civil ao integrar sustentabilidade e inovação tecnológica em soluções cada vez mais eficientes e ecológicas. Essas novas abordagens buscam substituir ou complementar métodos tradicionais que frequentemente apresentam impactos ambientais significativos. Entre as inovações destacam-se o uso de materiais reciclados, como pneus, garrafas PET e resíduos da construção civil, e geossintéticos, que oferecem maior durabilidade e desempenho estrutural. Além disso, técnicas como muros verdes e bioengenharia agregam valor ambiental, favorecendo a drenagem natural, a redução de emissões de CO₂ e a integração paisagística com o meio ambiente. A automação de processos, o uso de drones para mapeamento de terrenos e o monitoramento inteligente por sensores IoT também contribuem para a segurança e a eficiência na execução dessas estruturas. Tais tecnologias reduzem custos operacionais, otimizam tempo e aumentam a precisão nos projetos. A construção sustentável de muros de contenção representa um passo importante para a infraestrutura resiliente e consciente, atendendo às demandas modernas de desenvolvimento urbano aliado à preservação ambiental.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS SONDAGENS DE SUBSUPERFÍCIE: ESTUDO DE CASO NOS BAIRROS ÓRFÃS E JARDIM CARVALHO, PONTA GROSSA - PR
O artigo explora a relevância da execução de diferentes métodos de sondagens em obras no setor da construção civil, em áreas de ocorrência de rochas do Grupo Itararé e solos associados no espaço urbano de Ponta Grossa, estado do Paraná. Tomando por base a análise de laudos de sondagens, é possível evidenciar a complexidade do substrato geológico da área utilizada como recorte espacial, onde é recorrente a presença de solos moles. O estudo conclui que o emprego de diferentes métodos de sondagem é essencial para o fornecimento de informações de subsuperfície e, desta forma reduzir possíveis riscos de ordem geológico-geotécnica, quando da execução de projetos situados no contexto da Geologia de Engenharia.
AVALIAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE CABEAMENTO ESTRUTURADO COM BASE NAS NORMAS TÉCNICAS VIGENTES
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a conformidade de um sistema de cabeamento estruturado (SCE) em um centro médico localizado em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, considerando as normas técnicas vigentes. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de revisão bibliográfica nas bases científicas Scopus, Web of Science e Google Acadêmico, além da análise das normas pertinentes ao tema. A metodologia incluiu também uma inspeção técnica in loco e a realização de testes de aceitação do cabeamento horizontal do edifício, utilizando um certificador de cabos. Os resultados revelaram a ausência de uma sala de telecomunicações no pavimento térreo, falta de identificação nas tomadas de telecomunicações e diversas falhas relacionadas aos parâmetros de transmissão e à malha elétrica dos cabos. Essas constatações permitem a proposição de intervenções corretivas direcionadas, contribuindo para a melhoria da infraestrutura de telecomunicações do edifício e garantindo o cumprimento das normas técnicas aplicáveis.
ANÁLISE NUMÉRICA DE TENSÃO-DEFORMAÇÃO DE UM ATERRO ESTAQUEADO REFORÇADO COM GEOGRELHA SOBRE SOLO COMPRESSÍVEL
The construction of embankments over compressible soils raises significant concerns regarding displacements and stresses. To mitigate these issues, piled embankments present an interesting solution. This technique involves using piles to control settlements and transfer the embankment load to more resistant soil layers, as well as using geogrids to increase the efficiency of this process. In this context, this study employs numerical modeling to enhance the understanding of the role of pile and geogrid reinforcements in the stability of embankments over low-bearing-capacity soils. The model was based on a soil profile from the city of Uberaba, MG, which contains a 13 m layer of clay with low Nspt values, and followed traditional design methods before conducting a parametric analysis. The results indicated that the presence of piles and the height of the embankment were critical in controlling differential settlements. Additionally, the geogrid played a more decisive role in the safety against embankment failure than in settlement control. Finally, it is concluded that both reinforcement elements, piles and geogrid, contributed to the stability of the embankment on clayey soil.
MORTAR FOR TACTILE FLOOR WITH PARTIAL AND TOTAL REPLACEMENT OF TIRE WASTE
The construction sector, aware of the importance of environmental issues, has sought to find solutions that combine environmental preservation with industrial economic growth. To this end, several studies have been carried out on the reuse of waste tires, including the use of waste rubber aggregates as a substitute for natural aggregates in concrete and mortar. The aim of this work was to evaluate the replacement of natural aggregate with waste tire rubber, in the # 1 to 2 mm fraction, in proportions of 50% and 100% by mass. The experimental methodology was structured in three phases. In the first phase, the constituent materials of the mortars were characterized. In the second phase, the cementitious composites were processed into cylindrical and prismatic specimens and tactile floor slabs. In the third phase, axial compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural tensile strength and permeability studies were carried out. The results show that the axial compressive strength reached 3.24 MPa for the mortar with 50% substitution, while with 100% substitution it reached 1.33 MPa. For the tactile floor and the slab, with 50% substitution it reached 652.62 kgf/m² and 3375.26 kgf/m², respectively, and with 100% substitution it was 387.49 kgf/m² and 2059.83 kgf/m², respectively. The permeability of the mortar with total substitution increased by 37.5% compared to the partial substitution of 50% rubber waste.