KICK E BLOWOUT NA EXPLOTAÇÃO DE POÇOS DE PETRÓLEO – UMA REVISÃO

Abstract

The oil industry has been growing gradually due to the high demand for its derivatives encompassing a large part of the world economy. Over time, both drilling and safety techniques and well monitoring have been improved in order to minimize possible incidents. One of these techniques is that of Well Control, which has as one of its objectives the monitoring of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the well so that it is always greater than the pressure of the formation pores (Primary Control). If the Primary Control of the well fails, it can generate a kick, which is an unwanted flow of formation fluid that enters the well, when the well is open, the pressure inside it will reduce due to the uncontrolled expansion of the gas, causing a increasing reduction in hydrostatic pressure causing a blowout. The faster the kick is detected, the easier it will be to control, avoiding a blowout. For this, the whole well is equipped with BOP - Blowout Preventer, which are valves designed to close the well at any time when a kick occurs, however, it is not always possible to avoid incidents, where they will be addressed in this research project.