GESTÃO DE RISCO EM SISTEMAS DE TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA PARA ABASTECIMENTO PÚBLICO: UMA REVISÃO SOBRE A APLICAÇÃO PARA PREVENÇÃO DO RISCO A SAÚDE

Abstract

The security of water for public supply is a global concern. The Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (GDWQ) published by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1958, guide legislative procedures in many countries. The transition from an conditioned approach to compliance with established quality standards to a preventive risk management from source to tap has been gaining prominence. The objective of this work was, through a systematic literature review, to analyze in a global scope the health risk management of water for public supply. The search performed in the Science Direct Elsevier database using the keywords "water safety" and "water supplies" and "risk management" initially returned 146 publications, 16 of which were selected for analysis after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction allowed the identification of 07 studied aspects related to health risk management, namely: (i) Guidelines and Regulations; (ii) Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA); (iii) Water Safety Plans; (iv) Human Reliability Analysis (HRA); (v) Health Risk Assessment (HRA); (vi) Relationship between agencies and (vii) Climate Change. The data analyzed by the publications addressed the management of health risk through drinking water in 27 countries. It was identified that risk management has been practiced by water treatment companies both in countries that have regulated this practice and in those that did not; the transition from a reactive to a preventive security approach is influenced by the country's regulatory style and that inter-institutional communication is the key point for the effective implementation of risk management in the approach from source to tap.