ASPECTO DISCURSIVO: UM ESTUDO DA SUA REALIZAÇÃO NOS TEMPOS PRETÉRITOS E FUTURO NO PORTUGUÊS FALADO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5212/uniletras.v24i1.236Abstract
Este trabalho apresenta análises do aspecto verbal, produzidas a partir dos princípios metodológicos construídos à luz da Teoria da Enunciação (cf. E. Benveniste). Nessa perspectiva, o aspecto é categoria discursiva ligada ao tempo. Em função disso, observamos haver alguma restrição de atualização aspectual nas formas de futuro, em virtude de o aspecto e de as modalidades excluírem-se mutuamente (cf. Travaglia 1981). As análises das ocorrências do passado contrapostas às ocorrências do futuro (todos do Indicativo) propiciaram a conclusão de que o aspecto é categoria verbal, quando analisada no discurso. Advérbios, sejam aspectuais ou temporais, quando inseridos em um enunciado, precisam a situação já estabelecida pelos verbos. Houve dois casos em que o aspecto foi atualizado no futuro. Por isso, aspecto passou a ser visto como categoria discursiva marcadora de continuidade realizada simultaneamente à fala de EU e dependente, para atualização, dos tempos da experiência de EU. As ocorrências orais foram extraídas dos corpora do projeto NURC e do projeto VARSUL.
Palavras-chave: língua; enunciação; aspecto verbal; tempo pretérito; tempo futuro; advérbios aspectuais
The following article presents analyses of the verbal aspects which are developed through methodological principles constructed according to the Theory of Enunciation (see E. Benveniste). In this perspective, aspect is a discursive category associated to the category of tense. Thus, we noticed a restriction in the emergence of aspects in future forms. Aspect and modals (probability, volition, desire) do not occur in the same sentence (see Travaglia, 1981). Analyses of past tenses contrasted with future tenses made us conclude that aspect is a verbal category if analysed in discourse. Aspectual adverbs and adverbs of tense, when contextualized, emphasize the meaning given by verbs. There are only two occurrences of future with aspectualization. Aspect is now a discursive category whose meaning is the duration, or not, of an action. This meaning is conveyed through speech and through the use of surroundoing tenses. The spoken occurrences were transcribed from the corpora of the NURC and VARSUL projects.
Key words: language; enunciation; verbal aspect; past tenses; future tense; aspectual adverbs
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