L2 LEARNING APPLICATIONS AND THE ECONOMY OF LANGUAGES:

AN ANALYSIS OF DUOLINGO

Abstract

Dominant power systems originated from colonialism and perpetuated by globalization are reflected in language education through L2 learning apps. Linguistic ideologies shape the valuation of languages, turning them into commercial products. That impacts linguistic and cultural diversity, promoting social inequality by favoring major languages and marginalizing less spoken ones. This article on language learning apps and the economy of languages aims to analyze Duolingo. We investigate the influence of power structures, linguistic ideologies, and language commodification within language learning through the app. The selection of languages and the business model were examined, assessing whether the platform promotes linguistic and social diversity and inclusion through its teaching methods. It was found that, although Duolingo strives to promote racial-linguistic inclusion, its business model contributes to unequal learning opportunities. Additionally, the choice and prevalence of major languages reinforce the valuation of these languages and their speakers, intensifying the commodification of language.