Seventy Years of Cloze Testing: a review

Autori

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5212/PraxEduc.v.21.26859.075

Abstract

The cloze test was originally put forward as a method of measuring text readability. It soon, however, found other uses in various fields of research. The purpose of this literature review is to map the applications the cloze test has found over the 70 years since its inception. The review uncovers six broad areas of use: text readability, students’ reading ability and comprehension, language assessment and language learning, cognition and psychiatry, plagiarism detection, and, most recently, training and evaluation of language models. Each application necessitates a specific method for item deletion, varying answering formats, and distinct scoring strategies. The review delves into the academic discussions surrounding the cloze test, thoroughly examining both the criticisms and the advantages it offers in its varied uses. This ongoing dialogue and continuous discovery of new applications have allowed the cloze test to remain a relevant and adaptable tool.

Keywords: Cloze procedure. Literature review. Authorship verification.

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Biografie autore

  • David Špetla, Masaryk University

    External collaborator at the Department of Machine Learning and Data Processing, Masaryk University (Czech Republic). Master’s degree in English-language Translation from Masaryk University.

  • Tomáš Foltýnek, Masaryk University

    Assistant professor at the Department of Machine Learning and Data Processing, Masaryk University (Czech Republic). PhD in Economic Informatics from Mendel University in Brno.

Pubblicato

2026-09-08

Fascicolo

Sezione

Dossiê: Ética e Integridade, Inteligência Artificial, Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) e desinformação nas pesquisas em Humanidades

Come citare

Seventy Years of Cloze Testing: a review. Práxis Educativa, [S. l.], v. 21, p. 1–19, 2026. DOI: 10.5212/PraxEduc.v.21.26859.075. Disponível em: https://revistas.uepg.br/index.php/praxiseducativa/article/view/26859. Acesso em: 8 set. 2026.

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