Charter schools and school choice: implementation contexto and genesis of the proposal in the USA
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article explores the concept of "charter schools" in the United States, which are public institutions managed by private entities, operating under performance contracts. It traces the origin of this proposal in the US, contextualizing it within the school choice movement and providing an overview of the original formulation of charters, as well as a summary of research on their outcomes. In Brazil, there are historical parallels with forms of privatization, such as contracted daycare centers, but recently Brazilian programs inspired by charter schools have emerged, promising efficiency and innovation. The objective of this article is to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon. To achieve this goal, a bibliographic research was conducted, covering relevant authors in discussions on the topic. It is concluded that the premise that competition, private management, and deregulation are effective strategies to improve the school system is questionable and lacks solid foundation and evidence.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms:
a) Authors keep the copyrights and concede the right of its first publication to the magazine. The work piece must be simultaneously licensed on the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the paper sharing, and preserves both the author identity and the right of first publication to this magazine.
b) Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, to not-exclusively distribution of the paper version published in this magazine (e.g.: publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with the author identity recognition and its first publication in this magazine.
c) Authors are permitted and stimulated to publish and distribute their papers online (e.g.: in institutional repository or on their personal webpage), considering it can generate productive alterations, as well as increase the impact and the quotations of the published paper.
d) This journal provides public access to all its content, as this allows a greater visibility and reach of published articles and reviews. For more information on this approach, visit the Public Knowledge Project, a project that developed this system to improve the academic and public quality of the research, distributing OJS as well as other software to support the publication system of public access to academic sources.
e) The names and e-mail addresses on this site will be used exclusively for the purposes of the journal and are not available for other purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
ADRIÃO, T. Escolas charters nos EUA: Contradições de uma tendência proposta para o Brasil e suas implicações para a oferta da educação pública. Educação e Filosofia, Uberlândia, v. 28, n. especial, p. 263-282, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14393/REVEDFIL.issn.0102-6801.v28nEspeciala2014-P263a282
BERLINER, D. Escola pública nos EUA: resistindo aos ataques do governo Trump. In: KRAWCZYK, N. (org.). Escola pública: tempos difíceis, mas não impossíveis. Campinas: FE/UNICAMP; Uberlândia: Navegando, 2018. 230 p.
BLAZER, C. Literatura review research comparing charter schools and traditional public schools. Research Services Office of Assessment, Research, and Data Analysis Miami-Dade County Public Schools. 2010. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED536259.pdf. Acesso em: 20 jul. 2020.
BUDDE, R. Education by Charter: Restructuring School Districts. Key to Long-Term Continuing Improvement in American Education. The Regional Laboratory for Educational Improvement of the Northeast & Islands. Massachusetts. 1988.
CAMARGO, P. GOMES, S. Charter schools: a atual política educacional aplicada na cidade de Chicago. Revista Mundo afora. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Brasília, 2014.
CARNOY, M.; JACOBSEN, R.; MISHEL, L.; ROTHSTEIN, R. The Charter School Dust-Up: Examining the Evidence on Enrollment and Achievement. Washington: Economic Policy Institute, 2005.
CLARK, M. A., GLEASON, P., TUTTLE, C. C. e SILVERBERG, M. K. Do Charter Schools Improve Student Achievement? Evidence from a National Randomized Study. Princeton: Mathematica Policy Research. 2011.
CORRÊA, L. F. S. OLIVEIRA, F. M. B. Escolas charter: política ou despolítica pública? O caso da cidade de Nova York. Revista Mundo afora. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Brasília, 2014.
COSTA, M.; KOSLINSKI, M. Escolha, estratégia e competição por escolas públicas. Pro-Posições, Campinas, v. 23, n. 2, p. 195-213, maio/ago. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73072012000200013
FRIEDMAN, M. Capitalismo e Liberdade. Trad. de Luciana Carli. 2. ed. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1984.
HOXBY, C. M. Achievement in charter schools and regular public schools in the united states: understanding the differences. Massachusetts: Harvard University And National Bureau of Economic Research. 2004. Disponível em: http://www.wacharterschools.org/learn/studies/HoxbyCharters_Dec2004.pdf. Acesso em: 10 jan. 2021.
HUBBARD, L.; KULKARNI, R. Escolas charter: aprendendo com o passado, planejando para o futuro. In: BROOKE, N. (org.). Marcos históricos na reforma da educação. Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço, 2012, 520 p.
KAHLENBERG, R.; POTTER, H. Restoring Shanker’s Vision for Charter Schools. American Educator, Washington, v. 38, n. 4, ago. 2014. Disponível em: < https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/kahlenberg.pdf>. Acesso em: 20 jul. 2018.
KLEES, S. J.; EDWARDS JR., B. Privatização da educação: experiências dos Estados Unidos e outros países. Revista Brasileira de Educação, Rio de Janeiro, v. 20, n. 60, p. 11-30, mar. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782015206002
KRAWCZYK, N. Brasil – Estados Unidos: a trama de relações ocultas na destruição da escola pública. In: KRAWCZYK, N. (org.). Escola pública: tempos difíceis, mas não impossíveis. Campinas: FE/UNICAMP; Uberlândia: Navegando, 2018. 230 p.
NAZARETH, H. D. G. de. Escolas charter no Brasil: soluções ou ameaças aos princípios do ensino? Curitiba: Appris, 2022.
NAZARETH, H. D. G. de. Mais do mesmo ou ameaças renovadas? Uma análise de recentes iniciativas brasileiras inspiradas nas escolas charter. Paradigma, [s. l.], v. 44, n. 5, p. 596-622, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37618/PARADIGMA.1011-2251.2023.p596-622.id1518
NAZARETH, H. D. G.; SANTOS, A. V. R. S.; PIRES, F. O. P. O. Charter schools e vouchers educacionais nos jornais: o subterfúgio do discurso da qualidade repercutido na mídia brasileira. Entropia, v. 8, n. 15, p. 142–172, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52765/entropia.v8i15.521
PETERSON, P. E. No, al shanker did not invent the charter school. Blog Education Next, Cambridge. 21 jul. 2010. Disponível em: <https://www.educationnext.org/no-al-shanker-did-not-invent-the-charter-school/>. Acesso em: 03 jul. 2018.
RAVITCH, D. Reign of error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America´s Public Schools. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 2013a.
RAVITCH, D. Test, From the Top Down. The New York Times, New York, 7 ago. 2013b. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/01/26/grading-the-education-president/tests-from-the-top-down. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2018.
RAVITCH, D. Vida e morte do grande sistema escolar americano: como os testes padronizados e o modelo de mercado ameaçam a educação. Porto Alegre: Sulina, 2011.
SALOMÃO, G. C. P. V. Avaliação escolar: tensões práticas e conceituais a partir das provas bimestrais da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro. 2020. 155 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2020.
SANTOS, Aline Vitória Ramos da Silva; BRANDÃO, Andressa de Oliveira; NAZARETH, Henrique Dias Gomes de. Escolas Charter e contratos de gestão na educação: propostas de privatização na política educacional brasileira. In: ARAUJO, Flavia; MORGAN, Karine; MOCARZEL, Marcelo; ADRIÃO, Theresa; ALMEIDA, Luana Costa (orgs.). Educação na Região Sudeste: Conquistas históricas e retrocessos iminentes. 1. ed. eletrônica. Campinas-SP: Centro de Estudos Educação e Sociedade, 2024. p. 73.
SARDINHA, R. C. O Projeto Procentro e as escolas charter: investigação de um modelo educacional defendido pela Fundação Itaú Social. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação). Orientação: LEHER, R. Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2013.
SCHEMO, D. J. Charter schools trail in results, u.s. data reveals. The New York Times, New York, 17 ago. 2004. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/17/us/charter-schools-trail-in-results-us-data-reveals.html. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2018.